Objective: To investigate the early warning index of septic shock after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and its effect on serum cytokines. Methods: 32 patients with PCSL postoperative septic shock were enrolled in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2015. 32 patients with uninfected patients were selected as the control group. The early warning indexes of the two groups were compared with those of the two groups. Serum cytokine levels. Results: The levels of DD (D-dimer) and TNT (troponin) in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group, CHE (cholinesterase) and ALB (albumin) (IL-6) and IL-10 (interleukin-10) were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The serum cytokines in the two groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of RORyt and Foxp3 in the peripheral blood were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The level of serum inflammatory cytokines in PCNL patients is significantly increased, which is an important early warning index of septic shock, and the corresponding intervention measures need to be done.